Oil engine



. Oct. 4, 1927.

' 1,644,556 0. A. BANNER OIL ENGINE Filed March 17, 1922 ATTORNEY,

and having downwardly and 'inwardly in she r d a. 4,1927.

o'r'ro A". .EANNER; 0E MILWAUKEE, wrsooivsm, assrenon r0 THE FALK 0031 0341 g PA'TNT 'lION, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A oonrona'rroiv or wrsconsms- Application 'ale'a mar tal 7, 192a. Serial ital 544,412,.

' This intention relates to oil engines; and The piston 19. shown of usual construe-- more particularly, to that type of oil engine in wh ch'arestricted passage or throat 1s employed between the compression chamber and the working portion of the cylinder.

n One object of the present invention is to improve the-combustion in engines of this v Another object istheiprovision of an engine of this type which will" operate successand advantages will. hereinsectional 'view of an oil engins-odiistructed in accordance with the present invention. I a v Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the combustion chamber and due of the injection nozzles :associated therewith.

Figure 3 is a detail of one of the fuel injection nozzles shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The engine selected for illustration-is an ight, four-cycle engine of the solidinjection or pump spray type, although the invention -is equally applicable to horizontal engines and to en nes'operating on the two stroke cycle. ThlS engine includes'one or more cylinders provided with the usual water acketsll; The cylinder head 12 is of a well known construction having the usual exhaust and air inlet valves 13. and '14 and-provided with water jackets 15, The

compression chamber is formed byia water vf i'cooled, member 15' interposed between the y-cylinder head 12-and cylinder 10. 'In order to gain access to the compression chamber this member is preferably-formed as a. separate piece to permitrea'dy removal of the cylinder headtherefrom.

The compression chamber is of elongated rm extendingtransversely of the cylinder clined wallslfi leadiii -to a restricted throat or passage 18, prefera 'lycentrally disposed, through which communication is eifeoted with the working portion of the cylinder.

tion and of astrOke preferablysuch as to x force practically all the air from the cylinder' proper into thecoinpression' chamber .durin gthe compression stroke, although the stroke maybe such that at compression air is retained within j dead center abody of ,"the. cylinder proper.

"f The fuel is introduced preferably through .a pair of Injection nozzles of a" typesuch as described in-the-copendin'g application: of OttoA. Banner and Jacob Schlumberger, 1 filed IMarch' 17.5 1922,- Serial No. 544,427. These nozzles are arranged, in the opposite ends of the compression chamber and each isdesigned to produce a pair of convergent fuel jets" which meet/"at a p'ointadjacent the endfof the nozzle. Each nozzle is'pro vided-with an end c n 2 having a pair 7 0 fuel discharge ducts 27. These ducts communicate with a chamber formedby a-de- .pression28 within the cap and communicatingiwith a fuelpassage'29, which is supplied with liquid under pressure through a pi e, 25. Theseducts are so related as to produce the convergent fuel jets heretofore'mentioned. The fuel is. injected under pump pressure of such intensity as to completely atomize'the fuel as'it issues from the nozzle,

The impact of-the two'jets produces a substan'tially flat fuel 1 spray in each end of the chamber, as'indi'cated in Figure 2,.'eachspray comprising a substantially "flat rela tively dense core of fuel particles surrounded by a layer of lighter fuel mist, this lighter fuel being formed by the frictional contact of the spray with the .air as I the spray penetrates the body of a irti-n the 1 chamber. The nozzlesare so disposed as to.

direct the two sprays toward and against each other the impact of the sprays profparticles surrounded by a layer of lighter I fuel mist.

In my .copending' application, Serial No.1 closed an engine embodying an elongated 9 a ber of similar .form a which the as; is introduced in the form ofopposedflatl s rayssimilar to those in theengine'herein 'ribed.- In thetengin e ofthatapplication the injectionlnozzles'are co-axially arranged, so thatthe two sprays} lie in substantially the sameplane and the fuel cloud formed 'by the impact of the. sprays is not thrown.

toward'the throat. 'With that arrangement extreme accuracy in the setting of the'nozzles is required to insure good impact, since any inaccuracy resulting in an offset relation of these spra s permits thespraysto pass each other without im acting. In the engine herein described t e nozzles are so disposed as to give the sprays a slight inclination, so that good impact'is assured without requiring the accurate setting of the nozzles above noted. And by making this inclina tion" sufliciently slight there is practically no tendency to throw the fuel cloud toward the throat.

The fuel is introduced in a ram-like charge 9 formed y the im act, vaporizes readily and starts burning a most simultaneously with the injection. This initial combustion efl'ects' the vaporizationof the coarser fuel articles contained in the concentrated fuel 0 oud and prertares the same for quick burning. Actual -com nation of the fuel in the concentrated cloud can take place only as it is brought into contact with the oxygen of the'air neces- 40 sary to carry out the chemical reaction.

fuel within the cloud is effected, during the early part of the working stroke, by the turbulence set up in the chamber, throat and piston space at that time. This turbulence is started 'by the initial combustion of the fine fuel mist and is continued and increases as the piston starts its working stroke and. permits the contents of the chamber to pass through the throat into the piston space.

, Thus, although initial combustion occurs in the chamber and almost simultaneously with the injection of the fuel, yet the major portion of the combustion occurs within the throat and piston space, as the fuelin the paratively high compression pressures are employed, although it is not necessary to 0 rate at com ression pressures as high as t ose required 1n the Diesel engine. It has also been found that, although the combus-- This mixture and contact of the air and tion is prompt and complete, it does not occur as a violent explosiomat compression dead center. This may bedue to the fact that the-fuel is not introduced until immediately before compressiondead center and 1 is, of course, avoided.

Vearious changes may be made in the embodiment of the invention hereinabove de- SCHbed, without departing from or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention as 'definedin the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, the transverse sectional areas of said chamber being substantially rectangular and increasing in size from the ends toward'the center, a passage between the center of said chamber and the working portion of said cylinder, and injection nozzles at the opposite ends of saidchamber for directing opposed substantially flat fuel sprays from the ends toward the center of said chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an elongated chamber extendingtransversely thereof, the transverse sectional areas of said chamber being substantially rectangular and increasing-in size from the endstoward the center of said chamber, a passage between the center of said chamber and the working portion of said cylinder, and means for producing 'a plurality ofimpacting fuel jets in each end of said chamber to form a substantially flat fuel spray directed toward the center of the chamber. 1 i

3. .An internal combustion enginewhaving a cylinder provided with an elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, inlet andexhaust valves in one wall of said chamber, a restricted passage between said chamber and the working portion of said cylinder, and means including airless fuel injection nozzlesat the opposite ends of said chamber A for producing opposed downwardly inclined substantially flat fuel sprays in said chamber immediately prior to compression dead center. I

- 4/ An internal combustion engine having a cylinder providedwith an elongated cham" her, a restricted passage between said chamber and the working portion of said cylinder, inclined relatively fiat walls in said chamber leading toward said passage. and means for directing opposed substantially fiat inclined fuel. sprays from the opposite ends of said chamber toward said passage.

5. In an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a relatively shallow elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, said chamber ha a substantially flat ends. of said chamber for producing opposed top wall and substanti y flat bottom walls substantially flat inclined fuel sprays therein inclined away from said top wall toward the which meet adjacent said passage. center ofsald' chamber, means for cooling In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe I the walls of said chamber, a restricted pasmy name this 2nd day of March, 1922.

sage between said cylinder and chamber, and airless fuel injection nozzles at the opppsite OTTO A. BANNER. 

